Ten hours Act

Instructions to Ms. Pennymore

You are a photographer and journalist.

You have traveled to industrial regions in England and took photographs of young workers that you have also interviewed.
You have been invited to the House of Commons to testify on what you have heard and seen.
Please comment your interviews and pictures and explain why the Factory Acts do not seem efficient to protect the children

Evidence of children working in the mines, from the 1842 Parliamentary Commission’s Report on conditions in the mines


Sarah Gooder, aged 8 years I’m a trapper in the Gawber pit. It does not tire me, but I have to trap without a light and I’m scared. I go at four and sometimes half past three in the morning, and come out at five and half past. I never go to sleep. Sometimes I sing when I’ve light, but not in the dark; I dare not sing then. I don’t like being in the pit.

The job of a trapper is to open and shut trap doors that controlled the circulation of air in the mines

No. 206.— Fanny Drake, aged 15. Charlesworth’s Wood Pit
I have been 6 years last September in a pit. I hurry [push] by myself. I find it middling hard. It has been a very wet pit before the engine was put up. I have had to hurry up to my calves of my legs in water. I go down at 6 a.m, and sometimes 7; and I come out at 5, and sometimes 6. I don’t like it so well. It’s cold, and there’s no fire in the pit. I’d rather be out of pits altogether. I’d rather wait on my grandmother. I push with my head sometimes, it makes my head sore sometimes, so that I cannot bear it touched; it is soft too. I have often had headaches, and colds, and coughs, and sore throats. I cannot read. I can say my letters.
Children working at extracting impurities from Coal
Questions to help you
  • how old are these boys ?
  • They work at removing impurities from coal moving on a conveyor belt: what do you think about their working conditions: light, position, ... ?
  • List the potential health issue they might encounter in the future
 
Photograph of workers in a factory 1903
Questions to help you:

  • What kind of factory is the boy working in
  • How old do you think he is?
  • Write a list of all the dangers you can see in the factory and what you think could be done to improve them
  • This photograph is from 1903, 70 years after the first Factory Act. Explain whether you think work in the factory had improved for child workers by this time